Use case · 5G core security

Security audit of a multi-vendor 5G Standalone core.

One of Spain's leading operators was implementing a new Standalone 5G core, built with several vendors on three different deployment models.

Ethon Shield reviewed its infrastructure, configuration and protocols, identified vulnerabilities early in the implementation and gave the team insight into how effective its IDS/IPS was.

The challenge

A new core with many moving parts.

  • Three ways of running network functions side by side, from several vendors, which made security settings hard to verify.
  • Microservices and container orchestration, which change constantly and add another layer of complexity.
  • Legacy and modern protocols, such as SCTP and HTTP/2, that both needed evaluating.
  • Several teams responsible for different parts of the infrastructure, each with its own concerns.
Network infrastructure in a data centre
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The work

The network, and what we checked.

How the core was built, and the four areas the audit assessed across all of it.

The network

Network functions ran on three deployment models at the same time.

CaaSNetwork functions in containers.
NFVNetwork functions in virtual machines.
CaaS over NFVContainers running on virtual machines.
5G StandaloneMulti-vendorKubernetes
What we checked
  1. 1

    Virtualisation layers

    Whether security was built into every level of the platforms running the network functions.

    NFV · CaaS · Kubernetes
  2. 2

    Network function settings

    Telecom-specific parameters such as encryption algorithms and visibility settings.

    Encryption · Visibility
  3. 3

    Message protection

    Whether messages crossing the network stayed confidential and intact, on legacy and new protocols.

    SCTP · HTTP/2
  4. 4

    Intrusion detection

    How effective the intrusion detection and prevention implementation was.

    IDS / IPS

Working with every team. Different teams owned different parts of the core. We kept all of them involved, so each team's concerns were reflected in one shared security strategy.

The value

What the operator got.

A complete view of the core

An in-depth analysis of the services and infrastructure of the 5G core, across the three deployment models.

Vulnerabilities found early

Security weaknesses identified and addressed early in the implementation process.

Insight into its IDS/IPS

A clear picture of how effective its intrusion detection and prevention was, to strengthen it where needed.

The operator is anonymised. Detailed findings and technical evidence are not published.

FAQ

Questions about this case.

What did this 5G core security audit cover?
Four areas: how security was built into the virtualisation platforms (NFV, CaaS and Kubernetes), telecom-specific settings of the network functions such as encryption algorithms, the protection of messages over SCTP and HTTP/2, and the effectiveness of the IDS/IPS.
Can one audit cover CaaS, NFV and CaaS over NFV?
Yes. This operator ran all three models in the same core, and the audit assessed them together.
Why is the operator not named?
Client identities, network details and technical evidence are confidential. Our case studies describe the context, the work and the value without disclosing them.

Facing similar challenges?

Talk to our team about an independent assessment of your 5G core: infrastructure, configuration and protocols.

Star Path
Animated Circle

How we secured a 5G CORE network

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Key benefits of our service

Breaking down the 5G Core

In depth analysis of all the services and infrastructure provided by the 5G core network

Achieving compliance

The client ensured compliance with regulatory requirements, minimizing the risk of penalties and enhancing their reputation in the market.

Enhancing network security

The audit provided the client with valuable insights into the efectiveness of their IDS/IPS implementation, enabling them to strengthen their network security measures.

Proactive risk mitigation

Risk mitigation by identifying and addressing vulnerabilities early in the implementation process

The Client

Spanish Telecom Operator

Our client is one of the leading telecom operators in Spain, renowned for its innovative approach and cutting-edge implementation of a standalone 5G network.

With a commitment to delivering high-speed connectivity and advanced services, the client sought to enhance the security of its new 5G core network, where complexity and heterogeneity challenged the process of assessing and confguring such infrastructure.

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Scope

Implementing a 5G core network is inherently complex, involving various architectures and technologies.

In this project, the client's 5G network infrastructure encompassed a combination of Containers as a Service (CaaS), Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), and CaaS over NFV. This diverse infrastructure, with multiple vendors, created a challenging environment for assessing and verifying the security confgurations of the network.

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Key Challenges

The intricacies of microservices and container orchestration added another layer of complexity, necessitating a comprehensive security strategy that could adapt to the dynamic nature of the 5G ecosystem. Additionally, the integration of both legacy and modern protocols such as SCTP and HTTP/2 required thorough evaluation to ensure robust security measures were in place.

Given the complexity of 5G networks, where various teams were responsible for diferent aspects of the infrastructure, a coordinated approach was necessary to ensure that all stakeholders were aligned and that their specifc concerns were thoroughly addressed. By fostering an environment of open dialogue and collaboration, Ethon Shield was able to create a comprehensive security strategy that refected the diverse needs of the organization and enhanced the overall efectiveness of the project.

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Services Provided

Ethon Shields' team developed a unique methodology tailored to assess the security confgurations across all facets of the 5G infrastructure.

Recognizing the critical role of Kubernetes and containers in this technology landscape, we focused on the NFV/CaaS paradigm to ensure that security was embedded at every virtualization level.

Furthermore, our approach also included a thorough assessment of both new and legacy protocols, such as the emerging HTTP/2, to verify the confdentiality and integrity of messages transmitted across the network.

We meticulously evaluated essential parameters specifc to the telecommunications industry, including encryption algorithms and visibility confgurations, to ensure compliance with industry standards and best practices.

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